必要和适当条款要求
A Necessary & Proper Clause claim is a legal argument asserting that a particular law or action exceeds the authority granted to Congress by the Necessary and Proper Clause of the United States Constitution. This claim is based on the interpretation that the Necessary and Proper Clause empowers Congress to pass laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers, and that any law or action must be directly linked to an enumerated power in order to be constitutionally valid.