Kaolin, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining clay (e.g., china clay, paper clay and slip clay) or ceramic and refractory minerals and (2) establishments primarily engaged in beneficiating (i.e., preparing) clay or ceramic and refractory minerals. Ball clay mining and/or beneficiating Bentonite mining and/or beneficiating Common clay mining and/or beneficiating Feldspar mining and/or beneficiating Fire clay mining and/or beneficiating Fuller's earth mining and/or beneficiating Kaolin mining and/or beneficiating Shale (except oil shale) mining and/or beneficiating